Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib)

What is Ventricular Fibrillation?

Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib) is a life-threatening heart rhythm disorder where the heart's lower chambers (ventricles) quiver chaotically instead of pumping blood. This leads to sudden cardiac arrest, requiring immediate medical intervention to prevent fatality.

VFib is considered a medical emergency, as it can cause a complete loss of circulation, leading to unconsciousness and death within minutes if untreated. Quick response with CPR and defibrillation can improve survival chances.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can trigger VFib, including underlying heart conditions, electrical disturbances, and external factors:

• Heart Attack: Damage to heart muscle can trigger electrical instability.
• Cardiomyopathy: Weak or thickened heart muscles increase VFib risk.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Abnormal potassium, calcium, or magnesium levels affect heart rhythm.
• Electric Shock: Severe shocks can disrupt the heart’s electrical signals.
• Drug Overdose: Stimulants, cocaine, or methamphetamines can cause deadly arrhythmias.
• Congenital Heart Conditions: Some individuals are born with electrical abnormalities in the heart.

Symptoms of Ventricular Fibrillation

VFib often causes sudden collapse, but warning signs may appear briefly before cardiac arrest:

• Sudden Loss of Consciousness: The brain is deprived of oxygen.
• No Pulse or Breathing: Circulation stops, leading to immediate danger.
• Chest Pain: Some experience angina before cardiac arrest.
• Rapid or Irregular Heartbeat: The heart may beat erratically before stopping.
• Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Reduced blood flow to the brain.

Emergency Response and Treatment

Immediate action is critical for survival in VFib. Emergency treatments include:

• Call 911: Activate emergency medical services immediately.
• Perform CPR: Chest compressions help maintain minimal circulation until professional help arrives.
• Use a Defibrillator (AED): Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) deliver an electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm.
• Medications: Epinephrine and anti-arrhythmic drugs like amiodarone may be used in emergency care.
• Hospital Treatment: After stabilization, procedures like cardiac catheterization or implantable defibrillators may be recommended.

Prevention and Long-Term Management

Preventing VFib involves managing risk factors and maintaining heart health:

• Manage Heart Disease: Control conditions like hypertension, cholesterol, and diabetes.
• Take Prescribed Medications: Beta-blockers and anti-arrhythmic drugs may help prevent arrhythmias.
• Limit Stimulants: Avoid excessive caffeine, alcohol, and illicit drugs.
• Maintain Electrolyte Balance: Ensure adequate potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake.
• Consider an Implantable Defibrillator (ICD): High-risk individuals may need a device to detect and correct VFib.