Aortic Aneurysm

What is an Aortic Aneurysm?

An aortic aneurysm is a bulging or weakening of the aorta, the body’s main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body. If an aneurysm grows too large, it can rupture, leading to life-threatening internal bleeding.

Aortic aneurysms are classified based on their location:

• Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA): Occurs in the lower part of the aorta, more common in older adults.
• Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (TAA): Develops in the upper part of the aorta near the heart.

Causes and Risk Factors

Aortic aneurysms can develop due to various factors, including:

• High Blood Pressure: Puts extra strain on artery walls.
• High Cholesterol: Contributes to plaque buildup and weakens arteries.
• Smoking: Damages blood vessels and increases aneurysm risk.
• Genetic Factors: Family history increases susceptibility.
• Atherosclerosis: Hardening of arteries can lead to aneurysm formation.
• Infections or Inflammatory Conditions: Rare causes of arterial wall weakening.

Symptoms of Aortic Aneurysm

Many aortic aneurysms develop silently without symptoms until they enlarge or rupture. Possible symptoms include:

• Chest or Back Pain: Persistent or sudden pain in the chest or between the shoulder blades.
• Abdominal Pain: Constant or severe pain in the lower stomach region.
• Pulsating Mass: A noticeable pulsation in the abdomen.
• Shortness of Breath: May occur if the aneurysm presses on the lungs.
• Difficulty Swallowing: If the aneurysm affects the esophagus.

Diagnosis of Aortic Aneurysm

Doctors diagnose aneurysms using imaging tests to determine size and risk:

• Ultrasound: Commonly used to detect abdominal aortic aneurysms.
• CT Scan: Provides detailed images of the aorta.
• Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): Evaluates blood flow and artery condition.
• X-ray: Occasionally detects calcified aneurysms incidentally.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the size and growth rate of the aneurysm:

• Monitoring: Small aneurysms may require regular imaging and lifestyle changes.
• Medications: Blood pressure and cholesterol-lowering drugs help slow aneurysm growth.
• Surgical Repair: Necessary for large or rapidly growing aneurysms.
• Endovascular Stent Grafting: A minimally invasive procedure using a stent to reinforce the aorta.

Prevention and Lifestyle Changes

Reducing risk factors can help prevent aortic aneurysms:

• Quit Smoking: Reduces arterial damage and aneurysm risk.
• Control Blood Pressure: Maintain healthy levels to protect arteries.
• Healthy Diet: Eat heart-friendly foods rich in fiber, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
• Regular Exercise: Helps maintain cardiovascular health and reduces obesity.
• Routine Check-Ups: Screenings help detect aneurysms early in high-risk individuals.